Can you survive....The EVIL EIGHTY-FIVE ... which with the additions below has now become NINETY-FIVE...!
These words complete the Level 1 syllabus. We hope you'll find that some of the prompts here help you to remember this trickier set!
Words now added to NEW SYLLABUS 2022 onwards
EPISTULA (1st decl, f) - LETTER
GRAECIA (1st decl, f) - GREECE; also GRAECUS (2nd decl, m) - GREEK
SILVA (1st decl, f) - WOOD
TROIA (1st decl, f) - TROY; also TROIANUS (2nd decl, m) - TROJAN
CAPTIVUS (2nd decl, m) - PRISONER, CAPTIVE
HORTUS (2nd decl, m) - GARDEN
LIBERTUS (2nd decl, m) - FREEDMAN
MARITUS (2nd decl, m) - HUSBAND
CONSILIUM (2nd decl, n) - PLAN, ADVICE
N.B. Also required within Level 1 are the Cardinal Numbers 1-10. I follow the great Mr Kennedy in considering them more as points of grammar rather than vocabulary: they are therefore omitted from this group.
QUICK JUMP LINKS
NOUNS: 1st decl: click #nouns1stdecl
NOUNS: 2nd decl masc: click #nouns2ndmasc
NOUNS: 2nd decl neut: click #nouns2ndneut
ADJECTIVES: click #adjectives
PREPOSITIONS: click #prepositions
ADVERBS: click #adverbs
CONJUNCTIONS: click #conjunctions
VERBS 1st conj: click #verbs1stconj
VERBS 2nd conj: click #verbs2ndconj
VERBS 3rd conj: click #verbs3rdconj
VERBS mixed conj: click #verbsmixedconj
VERBS irregular: click #verbsirreg
| NOUNS | 1st declension: -A, -AE (mostly fem) | ||
LATIN | ENGLISH | DERIVATIVE | VDB PROMPT |
| CENA | DINNER, MAIN MEAL | ? (same in Italian) | often confused with 'canis': so don't make a 'canis cena' (dog's dinner) out of it! |
FILIA | DAUGHTER | filial | a **filly** is a young female horse (also Fr. fille) |
HASTA | SPEAR | ? | visualise eating a bowl of spaghetti with a couple of long spears: 'eat your pasta with a hasta'! |
| INCOLA | INHABITANT | colony | to avoid mixing this up with 'insula', learn them together: 'he was an incola of the insula' |
| IRA | ANGER | irate | the I.R.A. had lots of anger |
| PATRIA | HOMELAND | patriotic | (deriv.) |
| PECUNIA | MONEY | impecunious | often confused with 'periculum': take the same two letters (-cu-) out of the middle of both words. This one gives you 'peni-a' (penny) |
| TURBA | CROWD | disturb, turbulence | visualise a crowd of people all wearing turbans |
| UNDA | WAVE | undulate | 'unda' the sea..! |
| VIA | ROAD, WAY | viaduct | travel to Oxford via London |
2nd Declension: -US, -I (all masc)
LATIN
ENGLISH
DERIVATIVE
VDB PROMPT
Fr. deriv. 'fils'
2nd Declension: -ER, -I (all masc)
| NOUNS | 2nd Declension neuter: -UM, -I | ||
LATIN | ENGLISH | DERIVATIVE | VDB PROMPT |
AMPHI-THEATRUM (no longer prescribed) | AMPHI-THEATRE | amphitheatre | same word. |
| AURUM | GOLD | chemical symbol Au | most metals are extracted from their 'aur' (ore) |
| AUXILIUM | HELP | auxiliaries | the auxiliaries helped the main Legion |
| CAELUM | SKY | celestial | rhyme it: 'caelum, the skylum'!) |
| PERICULUM | DANGER | peril | see 'pecunia' - this time when you take -cu- out, you get 'perilum' |
| PROELIUM | BATTLE | ? | rhyme it: 'the proelium at Troylium' |
| SCUTUM | SHIELD | scutage | visualise sitting on your motor-'scuta' with its windshield in front of you |
| ADJECTIVES | 1st/2nd Declension: -US -A -UM, or -ER -A -UM | ||
LATIN | ENGLISH | DERIVATIVE | VDB PROMPT |
| CLARUS | , FAMOUS, CLEAR | clarity | know anyone famous called 'Clare'? |
| MEUS | MY | me | helps to connect all five possessive adjectives in this group & learn them together. Fr deriv.'s Mon Ma Mes |
| NOSTER | OUR | Fr. notre | see 'meus' above; also connect with 'nos' |
| NOTUS | WELL-KNOWN | notable, noted | deriv.'s; also 'N.B.' - nota bene |
| NOVUS | NEW | novelty, novice | (deriv.'s) |
| SACER | SACRED, HOLY | sacrifice | stem & deriv.'s |
| SUUS | HIS, HER, ITS, THEIR | suicide | see 'meus'; Fr. 'Son Sa Ses' |
| TUTUS | SAFE | tutor | a Roman child's tutor (paedagogus) kept them safe in the streets |
| TUUS | YOUR (singular) | Fr. tu | see 'meus': Fr. 'Ton Ta Tes' |
| VALIDUS | STRONG | valid, invalid | deriv.'s; also **valiant** |
| VESTER | YOUR (plural) | Fr. votre | see 'meus'; also connect with 'vos' |
| PREPOSITIONS | with cases as shown | ||
LATIN | ENGLISH | DERIVATIVE | VDB PROMPT |
| A, AB (+ abl) | BY, FROM | abduct | meanings of Ablative case (but not what 'cum' means!) |
| CONTRA (+ acc) | AGAINST | contradict, contrast | (deriv.'s) |
| DE (+ abl) | ABOUT, DOWN FROM | descend | there's a song in Bugsy Malone that almost goes 'Down, down ,down, about...'(!) |
| IN (+ acc) | INTO | insert | to tell the 2 'in's apart, use the length of the case-names: 'accusative' is longer than 'ablative': 'into' is longer than 'in' |
| PER (+ acc) | THROUGH, ALONG | persistent, perimeter | you can see through perspex glass |
| PROPE (+ acc) | NEAR | propinquity | in Rugby, the props stand near the hooker; you prop something up by resting something near it |
| ADVERBS | all indeclinable | ||
LATIN | ENGLISH | DERIVATIVE | VDB PROMPT |
| BENE | WELL | benefit | deriv.'s; also 'N.B.' |
| DEINDE | THEN | ? | it happened one day, and then the next, and then the next: in fact, it happened 'de-in, -de-out'! |
| DIU | FOR A LONG TIME | ? | waiting for the bus; it's been 'diu' for a long time! |
| ETIAM | ALSO, EVEN | ? | this one even means also, and it also means even (repeat ad nauseam until you remember it!) |
| FORTITER | BRAVELY | fortitude | the soldiers 'fort' bravely |
| HIC | HERE | ? | one of our (rarish) blanks; at least it's a similarly short word beginning with the same letter. Suggestions please? |
| IAM | ALREADY, NOW | ? | 'I AM' all ready now |
| IBI | THERE | ? | connect with UBI (where); in your best country bumpkin accent: 'U be where?' 'I be there!' |
| ITERUM | AGAIN | reiterate | this one comes up iterum et iterum et iterum et...etc etc |
| MAGNOPERE | GREATLY, VERY MUCH | as 'magnus' | a bit more than 'magnus', just as 'greatly' is a bit more than 'great' |
| OLIM | ONCE, ONE DAY | ? | one day I'll be in the olim-pics; or, one day I'll have a lim-o |
| QUID? | WHAT? | ? | 'lend us a quid!' 'WHAT??' |
| SAEPE | OFTEN | ? | often confused with 'semper': each have the same number of letters as their meaning: so, 'saepe' isn't as much as 'semper' (often isn't as much as always) |
| SEMPER | ALWAYS | sempiternal | he's semper in a temper; also see SAEPE above |
| SIC | LIKE THIS, THUS, SO | ? | he was sick...like this! (unsavoury demonstration) |
| UBI? | WHERE? | ubiquitous | see 'IBI' above; also: 'Ubi Scubi Doo - where are you?' |
| CONJUNCTIONS | all indeclinable | ||
LATIN | ENGLISH | DERIVATIVE | VDB PROMPT |
| IGITUR | THEREFORE, AND SO | ? | several pupils over the years have been nicknamed 'Iggy'. Whenever this word came up, it was always directed at them: 'it's that word again especially for him: it's 'there for' Iggy!'; see also ITAQUE below |
ITAQUE | THEREFORE, AND SO | ? | igitur means 'therefore' and so does itaque; use the -que on the end as a prompt for 'and'; both Latin words have same number of letters , and start with an 'i', so easier to connect..... |
