Can you survive....The EVIL EIGHTY-FIVE ... which with the additions below has now become NINETY-FIVE...!

  • The remaining (harder) words needed for CE Level 1. (PAGE NOW UPDATED for new syllabus 2022)


These words complete the Level 1 syllabus. We hope you'll find that some of the prompts here help you to remember this trickier set! 

Words now added to NEW SYLLABUS 2022 onwards

EPISTULA  (1st decl, f) - LETTER
GRAECIA  (1st decl, f) - GREECE; also GRAECUS (2nd decl, m) - GREEK
SILVA (1st decl, f) - WOOD 
TROIA  (1st decl, f) - TROY; also TROIANUS (2nd decl, m) - TROJAN
CAPTIVUS (2nd decl, m) - PRISONER, CAPTIVE
HORTUS (2nd decl, m) - GARDEN
LIBERTUS (2nd decl, m) - FREEDMAN
MARITUS (2nd decl, m) - HUSBAND
CONSILIUM (2nd decl, n) - PLAN, ADVICE

N.B. Also required within Level 1 are the Cardinal Numbers 1-10. I follow the great Mr Kennedy in considering them more as points of grammar rather than vocabulary: they are therefore omitted from this group.

QUICK JUMP LINKS 
 

NOUNS: 1st decl: click #nouns1stdecl

NOUNS: 2nd decl masc: click  #nouns2ndmasc

NOUNS: 2nd decl neut: click #nouns2ndneut

ADJECTIVES: click #adjectives

PREPOSITIONS: click #prepositions

ADVERBS: click #adverbs

CONJUNCTIONS: click #conjunctions

VERBS 1st conj: click #verbs1stconj

VERBS 2nd conj: click #verbs2ndconj

VERBS 3rd conj: click #verbs3rdconj

VERBS mixed conj: click #verbsmixedconj

VERBS irregular: click #verbsirreg

 

 

NOUNS

1st declension: -A, -AE (mostly fem)

LATIN

ENGLISH

DERIVATIVE

VDB PROMPT

CENADINNER, MAIN MEAL? (same in Italian)

often confused with 'canis': so don't make a 'canis cena' (dog's dinner) out of it!

FILIA

DAUGHTERfiliala **filly** is a young female horse (also Fr. fille)

HASTA

SPEAR?visualise eating a bowl of spaghetti with a couple of long spears: 'eat your pasta with a hasta'!
INCOLAINHABITANTcolonyto avoid mixing this up with 'insula', learn them together: 'he was an incola of the insula'
IRAANGERiratethe I.R.A. had lots of anger
PATRIAHOMELANDpatriotic(deriv.)
PECUNIAMONEYimpecuniousoften confused with 'periculum': take the same two letters (-cu-) out of the middle of both words. This one gives you 'peni-a' (penny)
TURBACROWDdisturb, turbulencevisualise a crowd of people all wearing turbans
UNDAWAVEundulate'unda' the sea..!
VIAROAD, WAYviaducttravel to Oxford via London
 

 

 

 

 

 

NOUNS

2nd Declension: -US, -I (all masc)

LATIN

ENGLISH

DERIVATIVE

VDB PROMPT

FILIUSSONfilial

Fr. deriv. 'fils'

LOCUSPLACElocationvisualise a load of 'locusts' swarming all over the place
MURUSWALLmuralderiv.; also Fr. 'mur'
NUNTIUSMESSENGERenunciate, announcethe Nuns bring the message from God
SOCIUSCOMRADE, ALLY(anti-)social, associateyou have fun with your comrades at a 'social' event; in a pair,you find one sock with its comrade
VENTUSWINDventilator, vent(deriv.)
NOUNS

2nd Declension: -ER, -I (all masc)

AGERFIELDagriculturederiv.; also connect with 'agricola'
VIR MAN, HUSBAND  virileA Vir Drinks Beer (hooray!!) (thanks, James W!)  

 

 

 

NOUNS

2nd Declension neuter: -UM, -I

LATIN

ENGLISH

DERIVATIVE

VDB PROMPT

AMPHI-THEATRUM

(no longer prescribed)

AMPHI-THEATREamphitheatre

same word.

AURUMGOLDchemical symbol Aumost metals are extracted from their 'aur' (ore)
AUXILIUMHELPauxiliariesthe auxiliaries helped the main Legion
CAELUMSKYcelestialrhyme it: 'caelum, the skylum'!)
PERICULUMDANGERperilsee 'pecunia' - this time when you take -cu- out, you get 'perilum'
PROELIUMBATTLE?rhyme it: 'the proelium at Troylium'
SCUTUMSHIELDscutagevisualise sitting on your motor-'scuta' with its windshield in front of you

 

 

 

 

 

ADJECTIVES

             1st/2nd Declension: -US -A -UM,               or -ER -A -UM  

LATIN

ENGLISH

DERIVATIVE

VDB PROMPT

CLARUS

, FAMOUS, CLEAR

clarity

know anyone famous called 'Clare'?

MEUSMYmehelps to connect all five possessive adjectives in this group & learn them together. Fr deriv.'s Mon Ma Mes
NOSTEROURFr. notresee 'meus' above; also connect with 'nos
NOTUSWELL-KNOWNnotable, notedderiv.'s; also 'N.B.' - nota bene
NOVUSNEWnovelty, novice(deriv.'s)
SACERSACRED, HOLYsacrificestem & deriv.'s
SUUSHIS, HER, ITS, THEIRsuicidesee 'meus'; Fr. 'Son Sa Ses'
TUTUSSAFEtutora Roman child's tutor (paedagogus) kept them safe in the streets
TUUSYOUR (singular)Fr. tusee 'meus': Fr. 'Ton Ta Tes'
VALIDUSSTRONGvalid, invalidderiv.'s; also **valiant**
VESTERYOUR (plural)Fr. votresee 'meus'; also connect with 'vos'

 

 

 

 

 

PREPOSITIONS

       with cases as shown  

LATIN

ENGLISH

DERIVATIVE

VDB PROMPT

A, AB (+ abl)BY, FROMabductmeanings of Ablative case (but not what 'cum' means!)
CONTRA (+ acc)AGAINSTcontradict, contrast(deriv.'s)
DE (+ abl)ABOUT, DOWN FROMdescendthere's a song in Bugsy Malone that almost goes 'Down, down ,down, about...'(!) 
IN (+ acc)INTOinsertto tell the 2 'in's apart, use the length of the case-names: 'accusative' is longer than 'ablative': 'into' is longer than 'in'
PER (+ acc)THROUGH, ALONGpersistent, perimeteryou can see through perspex glass
PROPE (+ acc)NEARpropinquityin Rugby, the props stand near the hooker; you prop something up by resting something near it

 

 

 

 

 

ADVERBS

 all indeclinable  

LATIN

ENGLISH

DERIVATIVE

VDB PROMPT

BENE

WELL

benefit

deriv.'s; also 'N.B.'

DEINDETHEN?it happened one day, and then the next, and then the next: in fact, it happened 'de-in, -de-out'!
DIUFOR A LONG TIME?waiting for the bus; it's been 'diu' for a long time! 
ETIAMALSO, EVEN?this one even means also, and it also means even (repeat ad nauseam until you remember it!)
FORTITERBRAVELYfortitudethe soldiers 'fort' bravely
HICHERE?one of our (rarish) blanks; at least it's a similarly short word beginning with the same letter. Suggestions please?
IAMALREADY, NOW?'I AM' all ready now
IBITHERE?connect with UBI (where); in your best country bumpkin accent: 'U be where?' 'I be there!'
ITERUMAGAINreiteratethis one comes up iterum et iterum et iterum et...etc etc
MAGNOPEREGREATLY, VERY MUCHas 'magnus'a bit more than 'magnus', just as 'greatly' is a bit more than 'great'
OLIMONCE, ONE DAY?one day I'll be in the olim-pics; or, one day I'll have a lim-o
QUID?WHAT??'lend us a quid!' 'WHAT??'
SAEPEOFTEN?often confused with 'semper': each have the same number of letters as their meaning: so, 'saepe' isn't as much as 'semper' (often isn't as much as always)
SEMPERALWAYSsempiternalhe's semper in a temper; also see SAEPE above
SICLIKE THIS, THUS, SO?he was sick...like this! (unsavoury demonstration)
UBI?WHERE?ubiquitoussee 'IBI' above; also: 'Ubi Scubi Doo - where are you?'

 

 

 

 

 

CONJUNCTIONS

       all indeclinable  

LATIN

ENGLISH

DERIVATIVE

VDB PROMPT

IGITUR

THEREFORE, AND SO

?

several pupils over the years have been nicknamed 'Iggy'. Whenever this word came up, it was always directed at them: 'it's that word again especially for him: it's 'there for' Iggy!'; see also ITAQUE below

 ITAQUE

THEREFORE, AND SO?igitur means 'therefore' and so does itaque; use the -que on the end as a prompt for 'and'; both Latin words have same number of letters , and start with an 'i', so easier to connect.....

 

 

 

 

 

VERBS

       1st Conjugation: -O -ARE -AVI -ATUM  

LATIN

ENGLISH

DERIVATIVE

VDB PROMPT

AEDIFICO

 BUILD

edifice

'I find it difficult to build...'; also **artificial** seems to work for some people

CLAMO

 SHOUTexclamation, clamour(deriv.'s)
LAUDOPRAISE laudable**applaud**; also 'praise the Laud (Lord)!'
OPPUGNOATTACKas 'pugno'it's a bit more than just 'pugno'; also the double consonant can help: 'opp--': 'att--'
PAROPREPAREprepare(deriv.)
ROGOASK (FOR)interrogateif you don''t know it, ask Roger!
STO stare steti statumSTANDstation, static, statuederiv.'s; also 3rd pers plur of Pres Indic.: 'stant'
SUPEROOVERCOMEsuperior, insuperableSuperman overcomes all his enemies
VOCOCALL, INVITEvocalderiv.'s; also Vocative case: used when calling out a name
VERBS2nd Conjugation: -EO -ERE- UI -ITUM
DELEO  delere delevi deletumDESTROYdelete(deriv.)
HABEOHAVEhave, habithabeo, I haveo
IUBEO -ere  iussi  iussum ORDERjussiveI order, and U (o)bey...
MANEO -ere mansi mansumSTAY, REMAINpermanent, mansion(deriv.'s)
RIDEO -ere risi risumLAUGH, SMILEriddle, derision(deriv.'s)
TENEO -ere tenui tentumHOLD, KEEPcontents, tenacious, tenanthe was holding a 'tenner'; the tenors used to hold the tune; how many does the **tent** hold?
VERBS3rd Conjugation: various principal parts
CONSTITUO  -ere -i -tumDECIDEconstitution, constituency...as in: the residents in the constituency voted to decide who would be their MP
DICO dicere dixi dictumSAY, TELLdictate, contradict(deriv.'s)
DISCEDO -ere discessi discessumGO AWAY, LEAVEfrom the -cedo stems: e.g. recede, processionold pupils may remember 'if you 'diss Cato' he'll tell you to go away; otherwise 'leaving the disc-o'; or deriv'.s
DUCO ducere duxi ductumLEADconductor, introduce, dukevisualise a line of ducks in a line on a pond, following the leader...! (or deriv.'s!!)
LEGO legere legi lectumREAD, CHOOSE, GATHERlegible, select, collectgather your 'LEGO' pieces, read the instructions, and choose what to make...
OSTENDO -ere -i ostentumSHOWostentatiousthe well-known TV show 'Ostenders'; go up to the 'Ost End' of London to see a show; Osten Powers is a show-off...
PONO ponere posui positumPUT, PLACEpostpone, position, positive deriv.'s; put the 'pony' in the stable
VERBSMixed Conjugation: various principal parts
IACIO iacere ieci iactumTHROWprojector, ejectderiv.'s; or when you throw away something nasty you might say 'yuck'
VERBSIrregular Conjugation
ABSUM abesse afuiBE AWAYabsentderiv.; this also helps to distinguish it from 'adsum'
ADSUM adesse adfuiBE PRESENT, BE THEREpossible to use the above, but rather confusing!opposite of absum, as 'ad' and 'ab' are themselves opposites